Manner of mounting looms eor weaving counterpanes and other articles



a ures" represent certain parts in il" C..

RS'IUS B. BIGELOW, OF LANCASTER, MASSACHUSETTS.

MANNEN or MOUNTING LooMs For. WEAVING COUNTERPANES AND carinii. ARTIIoLEs.

Specification of Letters PatentNo.' 2,653,` dated May 80, 1842; Antedated May 1, 1842.

T 0 all whom, it may concern j j Be it knownthat I, Esas'rns B. Bioiinoiv, oi' Lancaster, in` the `county of `Worc`est`er` andI1 State of Massachusetts, have invented certain improvements in the manner of mounting' the harness and Working' thesaine in the loom for Weaving figured fabrics, such" as are commonly known under the names" of Iniperiah7 or French quilts in sheet A,istan end view of my improved loom under one of its modifications, and Fig;` 2, a `front vieiv thereof; the other g'l detail, to be presently explained. f

a, In each of the figures Where the same parts are represented, they are designated bythe same letters of reference.

A, A, is the frame Work of the end` of theloom. B, is the breast beam.` C, the

front bottom girth. `D,` the bottom back" girth. E, a middle girth, upon which is attixed the box F, Whichconstitutes the middle bearing of the revolif'ing cam shaft G. The end boXes, or bearings, of this shaft are shown at H, H.`

In No. l, Fig'. 3,the i'espective cams are shown as seen when looking' along the cam shaftendivise. The cams I, I-J, J, and K, have each tivo swells, or are double cams; e'ach swell of these cams acts during' the introduction of one thread of Woot', or filling", thesecanis may each have the form rep-resented hy No. 4l, Fig'; 3. The sivells of the cam' K, correspond in forni ivith" those marked L, andM, as shoivn in the end view No. 1, Fig'. 8. These latter canis,`L, and M," have each one .sivell`only`, as shown by The cams N, and O, haveeach one swell, or acting part, oflsuch extent as to `act during'the timeof introducing' three threads of Woof, or` filling; the i'orinof these cams is shown at No. 2, Fig'. 3; andthey are seen in part at N', N, O,"O,-I\I`o.` 1, Figi 3;

' the loom.

each of these` acts during' the" I), isthe front treadle hanger, Which may be bolted to the, middle cross girth The two back treadle hangers Q, Q, I bolt to the back" g'iiith D. rIhe jacquard machine 3,1%,

is shoivn as resting' on the floor S, S, above` This machine is furnished with `tivo trap-boards T, and U, Which trap boards are guidedby the rods V, Va and WV, Vi

said rods sliding' vertically in the stands X, X, which are bolted tothe frame-Work of the machine. j

` Y, Y, and Z, Z, are connecting, or lift?" ing', rods, by which" motion is communicated j,

to the: rods V, and W, by the vibration of the vibrating' levers a., a, and b, which `levers are attached tothe shafts o, andd,

extending' from side to side ofthemachine,v

j and vibrating' on suitable bearings. The

oppositearms e, and f, onthe sameshafts c, and (Z, shown in Fig'. 1, are connected to the treadles g, and 7i, by their respective cords, orivires, z', and y'. f

The polygon, or prism, Which carries the pattern card of the jacquard machine is peculiar in" its construction, and is described and claimed in the specifica-tion of an imf-` proved loomfor Weaving ingrain, and, other,

carpets; for which looin I haveobtainedl Letters Patent ofthe United States, dated `turbing' theact-ion of the knot cords; and4 I thereby counteract the unequal action of the harness Weights upon the cams by which they are raised. i

The knot cords 7:, 7c, are tied at m, m, to

the neck of the harness Z, Z; and the threads" i of the harness pass down through the heck`` frame n, and are tied to theinale cords 0, 0,"

by knots at y), 7?, which knots are of asize siiiiicientto prevent their entering' the ,holes in the journals, or harness boards,` 7 and rf thereby causing' the said journals, or harness boards, When raised, to lift the males s, s, and their Weights t, t, t.

The journals, or harness boards, (l, and 12W are movable up and down, this motion of the harness boards being a distinguishing" feature in myiniprovenient, and there are` smooth holes, of aisuitable size to allovv the male cords 0, o, to pass freely throiigh them,

these journals are supported by ythe guide rods u, "a, which slide up and down in the turns, also, in the hanger e', e.

stands 10, 10, which are bolted to the stands m, .10, that make a part of the end framework A, A, of the loom. The wires, or cords, 1/, y, y, and e, z, z, are those which serve to connect the journals (1, and 11, with their respective vibrating levers a, o, and Z1', b. These levers project from their fulcrum shafts c, CZ, which shafts vibrate in the hangers e', e; said hangers being` bolted to the flooring S. One of each of the arms a, and Z1', is shown in the end view Fig. l, and also the two arms f', and g, which vibrate on the same shafts 0, and CZ; these latter arms are connected to the treadles z, and z" bythe rods j, and/t.

Above the fulcrum shafts rZ, c', is a third fulcrum shaft 0, seen also in the end view Fig. 1, carrying the arms 1L, and p. The rod 111/, connects the treadle Z, shown in Fig. 6, to the vibrating arm 11; this shaft The arms 79, 79, which are on the opposite side of the shaft 0', to that marked 11', carry the roller g", around which roller pass the straps 11, 1", which connect with, and support, theleaves of harness, or heddles, s, and t, the straps 1", 11'., are shown as cut off in Fig. 2, and the back portion of that shown in Fig. 1, is marked 1". 'These heddles are connected to the treadles u, u, and 1J', 1;, respectively, by the jacks w, and w, and by the st-raps y', and z. The leaves of heddles, or harness, s, and t, are such as are in common use.

There are, under this arrangement, six principal motions concerned in the working of the harness and its appendages. The rst is the working of the trap-board T, and is as follows. The cam N, acts on the treadle g, and this through the medium of the rod 1', and the vibrating lever e, a, Fig. l, raises the connecting rod Y, and the rod V, and, consequently, the trap-board T, which is attached to it. This board falls by the gravity of its connecting parts when the cam N,`

ceases its action on the treadle g.

The second motion is that by which the trap board U, is worked; this is effected in the following manner. The cam O, forces down the treadle 71, and this being connectedV to the vibrating lever f, by the rod y', lifts t-he connecting rods, Z, Z, and the guide rods W, W, which raises the trap-board U, and this falls when the cam O, ceases its action on the treadle 7L.

The third motion is that of working the journal, or harness board g, and is effected as follows. The cam L, depresses the treadle h", and this being connected to the vibrating levers a f', by the rod j, and these to the journal g, by the wires 1y, y, raise it, and when the cam L, is relieved from its action on thetreadle 71X, the journal falls by its own gravity.

The fourth motion is that of working the journal, or harness-board 11, which is effected in the following manner. The cam M, depresses the treadle 1", `which is connected to the vibrating levers g, b, by the rod c, and these by the cords, or straps, e, z, to the journal board 1; which board is consequently raised by the action of the cam, and again descends by its gravity when this action ceases.

The fifth and sixt-h motions consist of those by which the leaves of heddles, or harness, s, and z, are worked, and are as follows. The fore sides of the straps 11, are connected to the heddle s; and their back sides to the heddle t; the heddle s', is connected to the treadles u', a, by straps, one of which is seen at 1 while the heddle t', which is connected above to the back portion 11, of the strap 1, is also connected by straps, one of which is seen at z, to the treadles 1f', o, which treadles have their hangers Q, Q, on the back girth of the loom. The cam K, acts upon the treadle Z, and this treadle is connected to the arm 11,', of the vibrating lever on the shaft 0, by the rod 111/, and by its action serves to raise the arms p, p, and the st-rap roller g, attached to them, to the position shown in Athe drawing. When the cam K, ceases its action on the treadle Z, the arms 11', and t-he strap roller q, are free to descend; and while this is taking place, the cams 1, I, act on their respective treadles u', u, and through the agency of the straps y', y, and the acks 1.0, sink the front harness s, while t', remains stationary, the strap 1", passing around the roller g, which revolves for this purpose. When the cams I, I, cease their action on their respective treadles, the cams J, J, commence theirs on the treadles o, fu', and through the medium of the straps z, and the jacks az, sink the leaf of heddles, or harness, 25'; and this being connected to the harness s, by the straps 1, causes the harness s', to rise. As the cams J, J, are relieved from their action on their treadles, the cam K, again comes into action on its treadle Z', raising the strap roller g', and the harness g, to the position shown in Fig. 1.

The warp from which the cloth in question is to be made, is usually of two kinds of thread; that which is used to form the face is drawn through the leaves of heddles, or harness, s', and t, in the same wayin which a web is drawn into the harness of a common loom for the purpose of weaving plain cloth. The other part of the warp, or that which is used to form the back of the cloth, is drawn one half through the males connected with the cords passing through the ournal g, and the other half through the males connected with the cords' passing through the journal 11.

The respective motions are performed in the following. order. When theloomis in that stage of its operation whichisshown in Figl, the trapjboardU, and thejournal r, are about todescend, and while-this is-` `taking `place thetrap-.board T, is raised, and theharness-sf,depressed. `A thread offine fillingl is now introduced, .and the harness t', isfdepressed, Ywhilethe harness s, is raised; anothenthreadoffine filling is-now introduced, and the harness 1` t', and Vthe i ournal g, risesimultaneously, ory nearly so; .a thread of coarse filling is then` introduced; the trap board T,'.the ,jo,urnal g,-.and the harness s, then descend, `while `thetrapfboard U, is

raised,` and.fa thread of fine `filling again introduced; t-he harnesss, then rises, while the harness sinks, .-and `another thread` of fine filling ispassed `through the warp; the

harness t', and journal .1", )now rise simul taneously, and .a thread ofv coarse filling is introduced,which again leaves the loom in the position shown nFig. l, `and ready to repeat the successive motionsin the same order.

,In ,gearing this loom, the relative anotionsH of thecam shaft and ofthe lathe shaft are asone of the former to six .of the latter.

. Ithave thus, fully described the manner1 in which 1 intend,..in general, to construct and arrange the respective parts of this `The harness roller g,instead` of being placed over the warppas in Fig. 1, may be placed below it, as shown in No. l, Fig. 4, by making Ythe following alterations in the form andarrangement of the cams. 1n place of the cams 1,1, J, J, and K, which act on their respective treadles u, u', o, e, and Z', cams formed like those shown at No. 2, inFig-4, drawing` A, may be used, `they being, in this case, arranged as shown at Fig. 7, in drawing B. i

`The cams for `working `the harness may be so arranged as to admit of the gearing of the `loom in such .manner as that `the lathe shaft shall have `three revolutions only, to one of `the cam shaft. 1 will now describe two modes of so arranging the parts as to produce this result. The first of these is shown in Fig. `6, of drawing 13;` which is a plan, or topview, of the` Arespective cams and treadles, as also is Fig. `5, in the same drawing. 1n Fig. 6, Wis a cog-wheel made fast to the cam shaft G, which cog-wheel meshes into .another cog-wheel 1),iof twice the size of a,' the wheel b, is fastened to a//shaft e, which revolves in the bo-Xes f, f shaft e, and this meshes into the cog-wheel cl, which is ofthe `same size with c. The wheel d, is made fastto a hollowvshaft through `4whichthecani shaft- Gr', passes, to whiohlhollow shaft the cams L,.N, 0, and M, are also attached; `and these, therefore, together` with the wheel t arelfree to revolveupon `the shaft G; said shaft will, consequently, have two revolutions, while the wheel tl, `and the above named cams have one. The cams 1,1, J, .J andK, which are employed in working the harness s', and t, `are fastened to the shaft G, and operate in the `manner.already described in referring toFigsjl, and` 2, in drawing A; they, however, yhave `but one swell,.or acting part, and maybe shaped like No. 2, Fig. l1, in drawing B y The second inode o-f` arranging the cams to which 1 have referred as requiring three revolutions of the lathe shaftlto one of the cam shaft is as follows. Fig. 8, drawing B, isa front view, and Flig. 5, `a plan of the cams, ca1n-shaft,.&c., under this modification. The cams 1,1, J, J, and K, work the leaves of harness s', and t. in the same manner as is described in the first, or main, arrangement, but `they have each only one swell, or acting part, as in No. 2, Fig. `11, drawing B. The operation of the cams and of their appendages in working the jacquard machine, and journals, or harnessboards, q, and r, under this arrangement, is as follows. The two cams 7c, and Z, are attachedto the cam shaft Gv, and the cam Zi, may be formed like that shown at No. 1,Fig. 1l, drawing B; it. being of` such size as toact during the introduction of three threads of filling; the cam Z, may be formed like No. 2, in the same figure; it is to act during the time of introducing two threads of filling.

Fig. 9, aside view of two of the Ytreadles, and of certain appendages thereto. 1n this figure, and in Fig. 5, s, t, u, and o, are four upright treadle bars (two only, s, and u, ofwhich are seen in Fig. 9) which treadle bars have hooks formed on their upper ends, as seen in Fig. 9. The bars s, and 15, are attached by joint pins to the treadle in, and u, and fu, are in like manner attached to `the treadle n. These hooked treadle bars are to be acted upon so as to be forced backward by four small ycams upon a shaft i, which shaft revolves in bearings j, j, the cams upon the shaftI are marked o, p, Q, and r. A cogwheel 7L, on the shaft i, meshes into a cog-wheel g, which is made fast to the `main cam shaft Gr; the wheel g, is half the A second cog-wheel c, is afiiXed to the.v

size of h, thereby giving one revolution to the shaft i, by two revolutions of the cam shaft- G. The bars s, t, u, and o, are drawn toward the small cams 0, 79, g, and r, by the spiral springs to, fw.

The bars s, t, a, and o, are to hook on to, and to be disengaged from, four rods furnished with hooks at their lower ends, and connected at their upper ends to the vibrating arms e, f, f, and g, respectively,

and are to take the place, and perform the office, of the four rods z', j', j, and g, as shown iii-Fig. 1. These rods are shown in section, or top view, at w, y, 2V, and Fig. 5, drawing B. The rod is to be connected to the arm c; the rods y, .to the arm f; the rod e, to the arm f', and the rod om, to the arm g. Two of these rods only, and e, with their corresponding treadle bars s, and u, are shown in Fig. 9. The hooks on the lower ends of the rods and on the upper ends of the treadle bars, are made to engage with each other by means of the small cams on the revolving -shaft i, in the proper order for producing the respective motions of the vibrating levers; and when these cams cease their action, the hoo s are disengaged from each other by the action of the springs fr0, w.

The treadle bars may be afliXed firmly to the treadles, and the rods by which they are to be made to work the respective vibrating levers may be acted upon by the small cams on the revolving` cam shaft i, as shown in Fig. 10, in which figure 5", are springs which perform the same office with the spiral springs in Fig. 9. Inl other respects, the action of these bars and rods is identical. No. 1, in Fig. 10, is a guide plate, which is to be so placed as to guide and check the respect-ive rods. This guide plate may be bolted to the back girth D, of the loom.

During the operation of the lo-om, the trap-board T, and the journal, or harnessboard, 1, work alternately with the traphoard U, and the ournal, or harness-board, fr; that is to say, the leaves of harness, or heddles, s, and t', perform their motions first in conjunction with the trap-board T, and journal, c-r harness-board y; and then said leaves c-f harness, or heddles, s, and t, repeat their motions in like manner with the trap-board U, and journal, or harnessboard, r. f

The trap-boards T, and U, are, under this last arrangement, both worked by the action of the cam on the treadle m, and the journals, or harness-boards, g, and fr, are both operated by the cam Z, acting on the treadle n.

In the above described manner of forining my loom, the movable harness-board is double, consisting of the two marked q, and r; but in the modification now to be described I use a single movable harness board, under the following arrangement.k

` Fig. 12, in drawing C, is an end view of Yknot-of a suiiicient size to enable the jour-V nal, or harness-board, Gr, Gr, when it rises, to lift themale cords H, H, and the suspended weights I-I, H. The harness-board, or journal G, 'is perforated with smooth holes of suitable size to allow the male cords H, H, to pass freely, and is guided by the guide rods I, I, in such a manner as to admit of a vertical, reciprocating motion. J, J, are stands to support theguides K, K. M, M, is the frame work of the end of the loom, and N, the cross girth which supports the middle of the main shaft O, O, to which the cams are attached. P, P, are the boxes in ywhich said shaft revolves. Q, is the front treadle hanger, which is usually bolted to the end of the cross girth N. R, R, are also treadle hangers which are bolted to the bottom of the back girth of the loom. S, is the front harness, which is usually a single leaf of heddles; but it may consist of a series of leaves containing the requisite number of eyes; these heddles are made in the ordinary way; in Fig. 13, the harness is not represented. TheY `working of this mounting, or harness, requires three principal motions. The first motion is that of depressing it, which is effected as follows.

The cam T, shown flatwise at No. 1, in Fig. 15, acts on the treadle U, during the introduction of one thread of filling, or woof, and, through the medium of a rod hidden by the rod V, but seen at V, works the vibrating lever IV, and thereby turns the shaft X, Fig. 13, thus elevating the arms Y, Y, of the lever l/V; and the harness S, which is connected thereto by the rods Z, Z. IVhen the cam T, begins to be relieved from its act-ion, the cams a, a, which are shaped like a, No. 2, in Fig. 15, and which act during the introduction of two threads of filling, begin to act on the treadles Z), and through the medium of the straps c, c, the ack d, and straps e, e, depress the harness S. To avoid concealing other parts, the harness S, as before remarked, is not shown in F ig. 13, but the cords, or straps, Z, Z, to which it is attached are represented.

The second motion consists in raising and depressing ythe journal, or harness-board,

G, and is thus effected. The cam f, whichv is shaped as No. 1, in Fig. 15, and is shown at f, No. 3, acts during the introduction of one thread of filling, upon the treadle g, which communicates motion by the rod V, and the vibrating lever L, to the shaft fi,

Fig. 13, which, through the medium `of the chine which operates in the ordinary way.

Toweave the fabric in question by the means herein described, one half of the chain, ,or warp, is drawn through the front harness S, the other half through the jacquard harness, and the motions are performed in the following order, viz: The front harness S, is raised, and a shot of fine filling is introduced; then, while said harness is sinking, both the journal, or harnessboard, Gr, and the trap-board p, in the jacquard machine, are raised simultaneously, or nearly so, and a second thread of fine filling is introduced; the journal, or harness-board, G, then descends with all these threads in this shed of thewarp where the filling is to be raised to form the figure, while the trap-board 79, remains holding up those warp threads where plain cloth is required; a coarse thread of fillings is now in` troduced, and the trap-board then descends, and the harness S, rises as before. The cloth may be wrought with either the plain, or the iigured,side up.

In the action of the jacquard machine, as above described, the cloth is supposed to be working with the figure side up. The only difference is that when the cloth is working with the figure side down, the acquard machine holds up the threads when the figure is required, in lieu of the threads when the plain cloth is required, as in the other case.

In gearing the loom, under this 1nodification of it, the relative motions between the lay and the cam shafts are as three of the former to one of the latter, as will be manifest from the foregoing description.

The mode of arrangement represented in,

the drawings, will, it is believed, answer best in practice, but the following modifications may be made, and accomplish the same.

end. Bydoubling the cams, that is, by giving two swells to each, the relative motion of the shafts would become siX of the lay shaft to one of the cam shaft, and thus effect the purpose required. In lieu of the cams shaped like No. 15 in Fig. 4L, an arm g,

may extend from the cam shaft having aV roller r, on its outer end to act upon a segment piece s, fastened to the treadle, as shown in Fig. 14.

The harness S, instead of being drawn down by the cams a, a, may be sunk by the means of weights, Vor springs, attached to the under side of it. The same may also be accomplished by the action of the jacquard cam m; as instead of the cams a, a, levers may be introduced in such a manner that when the jacquard cam m, acts, the ends of said levers, which are made to connect with the harness S, shall cause it to be depressed.

A cam shaped like T, in No. 1, Fig. 15, or the arm and roller as shown in Fig. 3, may be substituted for the jacquard cam m, in which case the journal, or harness-board, G, may descend before the trap-board 7J, rises, o-r counter weights suspended from the knot cord, to insure their proper action on the trap-board, and the weights, or springs, also, or the cams a, a, must be used to sink the harness S.

I-Iaving thus, fully described the nature of my improvements, in the loom for weaving counterpanes, and other figured articles, and having, also, set forth several differentmodifications thereof, and particularly in the manner of forming and arranging the cams, on the cam shafts, by which the required motion is given to the respective treadles, so as to correspond in their action with the arrangements made in the other parts of the loom, it is to be understood that I do not claim, nor do I intend to limit myself to, the particular arrangement of the cams and treadles, these not constituting a distin* guishing, or an essential, feature of my improvements; these consisting, mainly, in the mounting of the loom and of tying up the harness, so as to admit of the employment of one, or more, movable harness-boards, and of one, or more leaves of heddles, and of the jacquard machine in the power loom. By this arrangement I am enabled to produce a free and open shed of the warp, and to allow one part, or shed, thereof to descend, while the other is rising.

That I claim, therefore, as constituting my invention, and which I desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

The within described manners, or modes, of mounting the loom and tying up the harness, and of working the same, in which, under its various modifications, I combine a movable harness-board, or boards, with one, or more, leaves of heddles, or harness, and with the jacquard machine, in the power loom; such arrangement and combination being substantially the same with that herein described.

E. B. BIGELOW. Witnesses Trios. l?. JONES, EDWIN L. BRUNDAGE. 

